Citrullination 2D Western Blot

Our Citrullinated Protein 2D Western Blot platform offers high sensitivity detection and accurate quantitation of protein Citrullination in any protein sample. Citrullination or Deimination is the conversion of amino acid Arginine to Citrulline in a protein. This increases the hydrophobicity of the protein, which can change the protein folding, thus affect the protein structure and functions. Because Citrulline is not one of the standard amino acids, the immune system can attack citrullinated proteins, leading to rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Applied Biomics’ 2D Fluorescent Western Blot has been successfully applied in studying the functions of Citrullinated Proteins.

Example 1: Human T-cells

In the following example, proteins from Human T-cells were extracted, followed by Citrullinated Protein 2D Western Blot using Applied Biomics’ protocols.

T-Cell Total Protein

Citrullination 2D Western Blot: T-cell total proteome 2D image

Anti-Citrullination Western

Citrullination 2D Western Blot: Anti-Citrullination 2D Western Blot image

Protein / Anti-Citrullination

Citrullination 2D Western Blot: overlay image of T-cell total proteome

Sample Info

Please follow these general principles regarding biohazardous materials and buffer condition in getting your samples ready.

Protein amount for each WB: 100-500 µg of total protein from each sample.

Protein concentration: 5-20 mg/ml is preferred.

Primary antibody requirement for each WB: Sufficient for 100ml incubation volume, and need information on:

  • Animal species in which the antibody was raised
  • Suggested dilution factor

If you cannot provide the dilution factor, please let us know:

  • If it is a commercial antibody, provide the link to the antibody information
  • If it is not a commercial antibody, please provide the protein concentration of the antibody, whether it is IgG fraction or anti-sera or antigen-affinity purified.

Buffer: Please feel free to submit samples in whichever buffer that you would normally use. The sample preparation including protein extraction (if applicable), sample cleaning and measuring protein concentration is not covered by the 2D DIGE gel cost. Additional charge may apply on samples with concentration less than 4 mg/mL, or require significant amount of the extra work such as protein eluting, sample pooling, extensive buffer exchange or serum abundant protein depletion.

Sample type: Please inform our scientists about your sample type. We will send you additional tips for each sample type.

Pricing

Services DescriptionAcademic/Governmental LabsIndustrial/Commercial Labs
CodePriceCodePrice
2D Gel with 1 CyDye Labeling 1401A$869401N$1049
2D DIGE Gel with 2 CyDye Labeling 1101A2$1259101N2$1569
Transfer to PVDF / Nitrocellulose Membrane 2520A$259520N$329
Western Blot 1-color 3512A$429512N$529
Western Blot 2-color 3512ACall for price513NCall for price

Primary antibody: Customers are responsible for providing the primary antibodies. Applied Biomics will provide the following primary antibodies at $150-250 for each Western blot:

  • Anti-Bacteria HCP antibody: E. coli; Lactococcus lactis
  • Anti-Mammalian Cell HCP antibody: Vero Cell; CHO; BHK; HEK 293; A549; MRC5; PER.C6
  • Anti-Yeast HCP antibody: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pichia pastoris
  • Anti-Insect Cell HCP antibody: SF9; SF22
  • Others: Anti-Bovine Serum Protein antibody; Anti-Mycobacterium Protein antibody; Anti-Goat-Milk Protein antibody

Fluorescent labeled secondary antibody: Provided by Applied Biomics and included in the price.

1. Price covers:

  • Experimental design
  • Measure protein concentration
  • Fluorescence dye labeling using CyDye (1 sample for 1 CyDye labeling; 2 samples for 2 CyDye labeling)
  • 1st dimension IEF and 2nd dimension SDS-PAGE
  • Gel image scan using Typhoon scanner
  • Two hour data analysis covering image and DeCyder analysis
  • Data report

2. Price covers:

  • Trans-blotting 2D Gel to PVDF or Nitrocellulose membrane
  • Membrane images scanned after the transfer

3. Price covers:

  • Western blot using the primary antibodies provided by customers, Applied Biomics will provide secondary antibodies
  • Membrane images scanned after Western Blot

1-3. Each Western blot will cover 2 hour data analysis generating Protein and Western blot image report.

Price does NOT cover:

  • Sample preparation
  • Primary antibody provided by customer
  • Manual matching spots and manual circling and numbering spots on power point images
  • Customized data request in addition to the standard request